WATER HEATING APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS HEATED WATER FLOW AND METHOD FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

US 20100294494A1
Filed: 07/23/2010
Published: 11/25/2010
Est. Priority Date: 09/18/2009
Status: Active Grant

First Claim

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1. A method of fracturing an oil and/or gas producing formation, comprising the steps of:

a) providing a transportable heating apparatus for heating water to a temperature of at least about 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);

b) transmitting a water stream of cool or cold water to a mixer, the cool or cold water stream being at a temperature of less than a predetermined target temperature;

c) the mixer having a first inlet that receives cool or cold water from the stream of step “

b” and

a first outlet that enables discharge of a substantially continuous stream which is a mix of cool or cold and hot water;

d) the mixer having a second inlet that enables heated water to enter the mixer;

e) adding heated water from the transportable heating apparatus of step “

a”

to the mixer via the second inlet;

f) wherein the volume of water of step “

b”

is much greater than the volume of water of step “

e”

;

g) adding a selected proppant to the water discharged from the mixer after step “

f”

; and

h) transmitting the water and the proppant into an oil and/or gas producing formation, wherein water flows substantially continuously from the first inlet to the first outlet during the fracturing process.

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Abstract

A method of hydraulic fracturing of an oil producing formation includes the provision of a heating apparatus which is transportable and that has a vessel for containing water. The method contemplates heating the water up to a temperature of about 200° F. (93.3° C.). A water stream of cool or cold water is transmitted from a source to a mixer, the cool water stream being at ambient temperature. The mixer has an inlet that receives cool or cold water from the source and an outlet that enables a discharge of a mix of cool or cold water and the hot water. After mixing in the mixer, the water assumes a temperature that is suitable for mixing with chemicals that are used in the fracturing process, such as a temperature of about 40°-120° F.+ (4.4-48.9° C.+). An outlet discharges a mix of the cool and hot water to surge tanks or to mixing tanks. In the mixing tanks, a proppant and an optional selected chemical or chemicals are added to the water which has been warmed. From the mixing tanks, the water with proppant and optional chemicals is injected into the well for part of the hydraulic fracturing operation. The mixer preferably employs lateral fittings that enable heated water to enter the mixer bore at an acute angle. The mixer can also provide a lateral fitting that exits the mixer bore upstream of the first lateral fitting, the second lateral fitting transmitting water via a conduit such as a hose to the heater.

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101 Claims

1. A method of fracturing an oil and/or gas producing formation, comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a transportable heating apparatus for heating water to a temperature of at least about 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) transmitting a water stream of cool or cold water to a mixer, the cool or cold water stream being at a temperature of less than a predetermined target temperature;
  
  c) the mixer having a first inlet that receives cool or cold water from the stream of step “
  
  b” and
  
  a first outlet that enables discharge of a substantially continuous stream which is a mix of cool or cold and hot water;
  
  d) the mixer having a second inlet that enables heated water to enter the mixer;
  
  e) adding heated water from the transportable heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  to the mixer via the second inlet;
  
  f) wherein the volume of water of step “
  
  b”
  
  is much greater than the volume of water of step “
  
  e”
  
  ;
  
  g) adding a selected proppant to the water discharged from the mixer after step “
  
  f”
  
  ; and
  
  h) transmitting the water and the proppant into an oil and/or gas producing formation, wherein water flows substantially continuously from the first inlet to the first outlet during the fracturing process.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
- - 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore.
  - 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water enters the mixer bore at an angle.
  - 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - f”
      
      the water discharges from the mixer bore at an angle.
  - 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the heated water and the cool or cold water
  - 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the transportable heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the cool or cold water stream has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the cool water stream has a temperature of above freezing.
  - 9. The method of claim 1 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 120 degrees F. (4.4 and 48.9 degrees C.).
  - 10. The method of claim 1 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 150 degrees F. (4.4 and 65.6 degrees C.).
  - 11. The method of claim 1 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 200 degrees F. (4.4 and 93.3 degrees C.).
  - 12. The method of claim 1 wherein there are two mixers connected together in series in steps “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
      
      .
  - 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding chemicals to the water during step “
    - g”
      
      .

14. A method of fracturing an oil and/or gas producing formation, comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a transportable heating apparatus that heats water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) transmitting a water stream of cool or cold water to a mixer, the cool water stream being at a temperature of less than a predetermined target temperature;
  
  c) the mixer having a first inlet that receives cool or cold water from the source of step “
  
  b” and
  
  a first outlet that enables discharge of a substantially continuous stream which is a mix of water;
  
  d) the mixer having a second outlet and a second inlet downstream of the second outlet;
  
  e) adding heated water from the transportable heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  to the mixer via the second inlet;
  
  f) continuously transmitting water from the mixer via the second inlet to the heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  ;
  
  g) wherein the volume of water of step “
  
  b”
  
  is much greater than the volume of water of step “
  
  e”
  
  ;
  
  h) adding a selected proppant to the water discharged from the mixer after step “
  
  f”
  
  ; and
  
  i) transmitting the water and the proppant into an oil and/or gas producing formation, wherein water flows substantially continuously from the first inlet to the first outlet during the fracturing process.
- View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
- - 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore.
  - 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water enters the mixer bore at an angle.
  - 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - f”
      
      the water discharges from the mixer bore at an angle.
  - 18. The method of claim 14 wherein the heated water and the cool or cold water mix in step “
    - e”
      
      with turbulent flow.
  - 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the transportable heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 20. The method of claim 14 wherein the cool or cold water stream has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 21. The method of claim 14 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 200 degrees F. (4.4 and 93.3 degrees C.).
  - 22. The method of claim 14 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 150 degrees F. (4.4 and 65.6 degrees C.).
  - 23. The method of claim 14 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 120 degrees F. (4.4 and 48.9 degrees C.).
  - 24. The method of claim 14 wherein there are two mixers connected together in series in step “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
      
      .
  - 25. The method of claim 14 wherein there are two mixers connected together in parallel in step “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
  - 26. The method of claim 14 further comprising adding chemicals to the water during step “
    - h”
      
      .

27. An oil well hydraulic fracturing system, comprising:
- a) a transportable heating apparatus that heats water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) a source of water at about ambient temperature;
  
  c) a mixer having a first inlet and a first outlet;
  
  d) a second inlet that enables heated water to enter the mixer;
  
  e) a second outlet that enables removal of water from the mixer upstream of the second inlet;
  
  f) a first flowline that transmits water between the heater and the second inlet;
  
  g) a second flowline that transmits water between the second outlet and the heater, the second flowline being upstream of the second inlet; and
  
  h) a mixing tank that is receptive of water flow from the mixer, said tank enabling a proppant to be mixed with water that is discharged from the first outlet.
- View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
- - 28. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the mixer has a tubular body.
  - 29. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 28 wherein the tubular body has a central longitudinal axis and heated water enters the mixer at an angle via the second inlet.
  - 30. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 28 wherein the tubular body has a central longitudinal axis and water discharges from the mixer at an angle via the second outlet.
  - 31. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the mixer is configured to mix heated water and ambient temperature water with turbulent flow downstream of second outlet.
  - 32. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 33. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the source of water has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 34. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the heated water in the first flowline has a temperature of between about 120 and 240 degrees F. (48.9 and 116 degrees C.).
  - 35. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the mixer is connected in series with a second mixer so that the flow of water discharged from the first outlet is transmitted to the second mixer.
  - 36. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 27 wherein the mixing tank also enables chemicals to be mixed with the water.

37. A hydraulic fracturing apparatus, comprising:
- a) a heating apparatus for heating water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) a source of water;
  
  c) a mixer having a first inlet that receives water from the source of water and a first outlet that enables discharge of a mix of water;
  
  d) the mixer having a second outlet and a second inlet spaced downstream of the second outlet;
  
  e) a first flowline that transmits water from the heating apparatus to the mixer via the second inlet;
  
  f) a second flowline that transmits water from the mixer to the heating apparatus via the second outlet;
  
  g) a tank that enables a selected proppant to be mixed with the water that is discharged from the mixer;
  
  h) a flowline that connects the mixer with the tank;
  
  i) a flowline that transmits water and proppant from the tank into an oil and/or gas producing formation.
- View Dependent Claims (38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
- - 38. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the mixer has a tubular body.
  - 39. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 38 wherein the tubular body has a central longitudinal axis and the heated water enters the mixer at an angle.
  - 40. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 38 wherein the tubular body has a central longitudinal axis and water discharges from the mixer through the second outlet at an acute angle with respect to said axis.
  - 41. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the heated water and the water from the source of water mix with turbulent flow in the mixer.
  - 42. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 43. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the water source has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 44. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the water in the first flowline has a temperature of between about 120 and 240 degrees F. (48.9 and 116 degrees C.).
  - 45. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein there are two or more mixers connected together in series.
  - 46. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein there are two or more mixers connected together in parallel.
  - 47. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is smaller than the volume of water flowing in the mixer.
  - 48. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is less than half the volume of water flowing in the mixer.
  - 49. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 37 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is less than ten percent the volume of water flowing in the first inlet.
  - 50. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 37 wherein the tank also enables chemicals to be mixed with the water.

51. A method of fracturing an oil and/or gas producing formation, comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a transportable heating apparatus for heating water to a temperature of at least about 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) transmitting a water stream of cool or cold water to a mixer, the cool or cold water stream being at a temperature of less than a predetermined target temperature;
  
  c) the mixer having an inlet that receives cool or cold water from the stream of step “
  
  b” and
  
  an outlet that enables discharge of a substantially continuous stream which is a mix of cool or cold and hot water;
  
  d) the mixer having a lateral inlet fitting that enables heated water to enter a mixer bore at an angle;
  
  e) adding heated water from the transportable heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  to the mixer via the lateral inlet fitting;
  
  f) wherein the volume of water of step “
  
  b”
  
  is much greater than the volume of water of step “
  
  e”
  
  ;
  
  g) adding a selected proppant to the water discharged from the mixer after step “
  
  f”
  
  ; and
  
  h) transmitting the water and the proppant into an oil and/or gas producing formation, wherein water flows substantially continuously from the inlet to the outlet during the fracturing process.
- View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
- - 52. The method of claim 51 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore, one end of the bore being the mixer inlet and the other end of the bore being the mixer outlet.
  - 53. The method of claim 52 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water enters the mixer bore at an acute angle.
  - 54. The method of claim 52 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - f”
      
      the water discharges from the mixer bore at an acute angle.
  - 55. The method of claim 51 wherein the heated water and the cool or cold water mix in step “
    - e”
      
      with turbulent flow.
  - 56. The method of claim 51 wherein the transportable heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 57. The method of claim 51 wherein the cool or cold water stream has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 58. The method of claim 51 wherein the cool water stream has a temperature of above freezing.
  - 59. The method of claim 51 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 120 degrees F. (4.4 and 48.9 degrees C.).
  - 60. The method of claim 51 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 150 degrees F. (4.4 and 65.6 degrees C.).
  - 61. The method of claim 51 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 200 degrees F. (4.4 and 93.3 degrees C.).
  - 62. The method of claim 51 wherein there are two mixers connected together in series in step “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
      
      .
  - 63. The method of claim 51 further comprising adding chemicals to the water during step “
    - g”
      
      .

64. A method of fracturing an oil producing formation, comprising the steps of:
- a) providing a transportable heating apparatus that heats water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) transmitting a water stream of cool or cold water to a mixer, the cool water stream being at a temperature of less than a predetermined target temperature;
  
  c) the mixer having an inlet that receives cool or cold water from the source of step “
  
  b” and
  
  an outlet that enables discharge of a substantially continuous stream which is a mix of water;
  
  d) the mixer having a first lateral inlet fitting and a second lateral inlet fitting downstream of the first inlet fitting;
  
  e) adding heated water from the transportable heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  to the mixer via the second lateral inlet fitting;
  
  f) continuously transmitting water from the mixer via the first lateral inlet fitting to the heating apparatus of step “
  
  a”
  
  ;
  
  g) wherein the volume of water of step “
  
  b”
  
  is much greater than the volume of water of step “
  
  e”
  
  ;
  
  h) adding a selected proppant to the water discharged from the mixer after step “
  
  f”
  
  ; and
  
  i) transmitting the water and the proppant into an oil and/or producing formation, wherein water flows substantially continuously from the first inlet to the first outlet during the fracturing process.
- View Dependent Claims (65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
- - 65. The method of claim 64 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore, one end of the bore being the mixer inlet and the other end of the bore being the mixer outlet.
  - 66. The method of claim 65 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water enters the mixer bore at an acute angle.
  - 67. The method of claim 65 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and in step “
    - f”
      
      the water discharges from the mixer bore at an acute angle.
  - 68. The method of claim 64 wherein the heated water and the cool or cold water mix in step “
    - e”
      
      with turbulent flow.
  - 69. The method of claim 64 wherein the transportable heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 70. The method of claim 64 wherein the cool or cold water stream has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 71. The method of claim 64 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 200 degrees F. (4.4 and 93.3 degrees C.).
  - 72. The method of claim 64 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 150 degrees F. (4.4 and 65.6 degrees C.).
  - 73. The method of claim 64 wherein in step “
    - e”
      
      the heated water stream has a temperature of between about 40 and 120 degrees F. (4.4 and 48.9 degrees C.).
  - 74. The method of claim 64 wherein there are two mixers connected together in series in step “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
      
      .
  - 75. The method of claim 64 wherein there are two mixers connected together in parallel in step “
    - b”
      
      through “
      
      e”
      
      .
  - 76. The method of claim 64 further comprising adding chemicals to the water during step “
    - h”
      
      .

77. An oil well hydraulic fracturing system, comprising:
- a) a transportable heating apparatus that heats water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) a source of water at about ambient temperature;
  
  c) a mixer having an inlet, an outlet and a mixer bore that extends between the inlet and the outlet;
  
  d) a first lateral fitting on the mixer that enables heated water to enter the mixer bore;
  
  e) a second lateral fitting on the mixer that enables removal of water from the mixer bore upstream of the first lateral fitting and wherein at least one of the lateral fittings has a wall portion that extends into the mixer bore;
  
  f) a first flowline that transmits water between the heater and the first lateral fitting;
  
  g) a second flowline that transmits water between the second lateral fitting and the heater, the second flowline being upstream of the first lateral fitting; and
  
  h) a mixing tank that is receptive of water flow from the bore of the mixer, said tank enabling a proppant to be mixed with water that is discharged from the mixer outlet.
- View Dependent Claims (78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86)
- - 78. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore, one end of the bore being the mixer inlet and the other end of the bore being the mixer outlet.
  - 79. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 78 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and heated water enters the mixer bore at an acute angle via the first lateral fitting.
  - 80. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 78 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and water discharges from the mixer bore at an acute angle via the second lateral fitting.
  - 81. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the mixer is configured to mix heated water and ambient temperature water with turbulent flow downstream of one of the lateral fittings.
  - 82. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 83. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the source of water has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.).
  - 84. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the heated water in the first flowline has a temperature of between about 120 and 240 degrees F. (48.9 and 116 degrees C.).
  - 85. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the mixer is connected in series with a second mixer so that the flow of water discharged from the first mixer outlet is transmitted to the second mixer.
  - 86. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 77 wherein the mixing tank also enables chemicals to be mixed with the water.

87. A hydraulic fracturing apparatus, comprising:
- a) a heating apparatus for heating water to a temperature of at least 40 degrees F. (4.4 degrees C.);
  
  b) a source of water;
  
  c) a mixer having an inlet that receives water from the source of water and an outlet that enables discharge of a mix of water;
  
  d) the mixer having a first lateral inlet fitting and a second lateral inlet fitting spaced downstream of the first inlet fitting;
  
  e) a first flowline that transmits water from the heating apparatus to the mixer via the second lateral inlet fitting;
  
  f) a second flowline that transmits water from the mixer to the heating apparatus via the first lateral inlet fitting;
  
  f) a tank that enables a selected proppant to be mixed with the water that is discharged from the mixer;
  
  g) a flowline that connects the mixer bore with the tank;
  
  h) a flowline that transmits water and proppant from the tank into an oil and/or gas producing formation.
- View Dependent Claims (88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100)
- - 88. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the mixer has a tubular body with a bore, one end of the bore being the mixer inlet and the other end of the bore being the mixer outlet.
  - 89. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 88 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and the heated water enters the mixer bore at an acute angle.
  - 90. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 88 wherein the tubular body bore has a central longitudinal axis and water discharges from the mixer bore via the first lateral inlet fitting at an acute angle with respect to said axis.
  - 91. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the heated water and the water from the source of water mix with turbulent flow in the mixer bore.
  - 92. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the heating apparatus is a wheeled vehicle.
  - 93. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the water source has a temperature of between about 33 and 80 degrees F. (0.6 and 27 degrees C.)
  - 94. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the water in the first flowline has a temperature of between about 120 and 240 degrees F. (48.9 and 116 degrees C.).
  - 95. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein there are two or more mixers connected together in series.
  - 96. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein there are two or more mixers connected together in parallel.
  - 97. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is smaller than the volume of water flowing in the mixer bore.
  - 98. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is less than half the volume of water flowing in the mixer bore.
  - 99. The hydraulic fracturing apparatus of claim 87 wherein the volume of water flowing in the first flowline is less than ten percent the volume of water flowing in the mixer bore.
  - 100. The oil well hydraulic fracturing system of claim 87 wherein the tank also enables chemicals to be mixed with the water.

101. (canceled)

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Current Assignee
Heat On-The-Fly LLC
Original Assignee
Super Heaters North Dakota LLC
Inventors
Hefley, Ransom Mark

Granted Patent

US 8,171,993 B2
Time in Patent Office

Days
Field of Search
US Class Current

166/272.2
CPC Class Codes

E21B 43/2607   Surface equipment specially...

E21B 43/267   reinforcing fractures by pr...

F24H 1/125   combined with storage tank

G05D 23/1306   for liquids G05D23/1393 tak...

WATER HEATING APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS HEATED WATER FLOW AND METHOD FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

First Claim

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Abstract

48 Citations

101 Claims

Specification

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WATER HEATING APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS HEATED WATER FLOW AND METHOD FOR USE IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

First Claim

3 Assignments

Subscription Required

Subscription Required

0 Petitions

Subscription Required

Accused Products

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Abstract

48 Citations

101 Claims

Specification

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Solutions

Use Cases

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