A method of freezing separated sperm cells, comprising the steps of: a. obtaining sperm cells from a male of a species of non-human mammal; b. differentiating said sperm cells based upon at least one property which allows a portion of said sperm cells to be identified as bearing either an X-chromosome or a Y-chromosome; c. separating said sperm cells into a discrete population based upon said at least one property; d. establishing from said discrete population a selected sperm sample having a sufficient number of sperm cells to fertilize an egg of a female of said species of non-human mammal; e. freezing said selected sperm sample. view more

A method of freezing separated sperm cells as described in claim 1 further comprising the step of removing fluid suspending said discrete population of sperm cells.

A frozen separated cell sample in accordance with the method of claim 1.

A process for preparing sperm cell samples, the process comprising: collecting semen from a male mammal; freezing said semen to form frozen semen; thawing said frozen semen to form frozen-thawed semen; incubating sperm cells contained within said frozen-thawed semen in a concentration of Hoechst 33342 stain of greater than 40 micro-molar; establishing the temperature at which said sperm cells are incubated between about 30 degrees centigrade and about 40 degrees centigrade; adjusting a duration of time said sperm cells are incubated in said concentration of Hoechst 33342 stain; staining said sperm cells with sufficient uniformity to allow X-chromosome bearing sperm cells to be differentiated from Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells based upon the magnitude of fluorescence; determining the sex characteristic of a plurality of sperm cells contained within said frozen-thawed semen; separating said sperm cells according to the determination of their sex characteristic; isolating sperm cells separated according to the determination of their sex in a collection element; establishing a sample from said sperm cells isolated in said collection element; wherein fertilizing at least one egg of a female mammal with said sample at success levels of at least about 70% of success with spermatozoa that have not been separated and/or frozen is achieved. view more

The process of claim 1, wherein the sperm cells isolated in said collection element comprises spermatozoa sorted into separate populations, wherein the spermatozoa of one of the populations comprises at least about 85% X chromosome bearing sperm cells or at least about 85% Y chromosome bearing sperm cells. view more

The process of claim 1, wherein said male mammal is selected from the group of mammals consisting of primates, humans, swine, ovids, bovids, equids, canids, felids, and dolphins.

The process of claim 1, wherein said step of establishing said sample from said sperm cells isolated in said collection element comprises the step of establishing an in-vitro fertilization sample from said sperm cells isolated in said collection element. view more

A method of using stained sperm cells collected from mammals, comprising the steps of: collecting semen from a male of a non-human mammal; freezing said semen; thawing said semen; incubating sperm cells contained within said semen in a concentration of Hoechst 33342 stain of greater than 40 micro-molar; establishing the temperature at which said sperm cells in said concentration of Hoechst 33342 stain are incubated between about 30 degrees centigrade and about 40 degrees centigrade; adjusting a duration of time said sperm cells are incubated with said concentration of Hoechst 33342 stain; staining DNA within said sperm cells with sufficient uniformity to allow X-chromosome bearing sperm cells to be differentiated from Y-chromosome bearing sperm cells based upon the magnitude of fluorescence; determining the sex characteristic of a plurality of sperm cells contained within said frozen-thawed semen; separating said sperm cells according to the determination of their sex characteristic; isolating sperm cells separated according to the determination of their sex in a collected element; establishing a sample from said sperm cells isolated in said collection element; successfully fertilizing at least one egg of a female non-human mammal with said sample at success levels of at least about 70% of success with spermatozoa that have not been separated and/or frozen; and successfully producing offspring non-human mammal of the desired sex. view more

A method of using stained sperm cells collected from mammals as described in claim 1, wherein said male of a non-human mammal is selected from the group of mammals consisting of non-human primates, swine, ovids, bovids, equids, canids, felids, and dolphins. view more

A method of using stained sperm cells collected from mammals as described in claim 1, wherein said step of successfully fertilizing at least one egg of said female non-human mammal comprises the step of successfully fertilizing at least one egg of said female non-human mammal by in vitro fertilization. view more

A flow cytometer system, comprising:</claim-text> a. a sample injection tube having an injection point through which a sample may be introduced; b. a sheath fluid container having a bottom end and wherein said sample injection tube is located within sheath fluid container; c. a sheath fluid port connected to said sheath fluid container; d. a first axial motion surface in a nozzle; e. a second axial motion surface in said nozzle; f. a limited maximal acceleration differentiation transition area between said first axial motion surface in said nozzle and said second axial motion surface in said nozzle wherein said limited maximal acceleration differentiation transition area is coordinated with said sample so as to be affirmatively limited to not exceed the practical capabilities of said sample over its length; and g. an analytical system which senses below said nozzle. view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>8</BOLD></HIL> wherein said sample comprises sperm cells selected from a group comprising bovine sperm view more

A sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL>, view more

A mammal produced through use of a sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>8</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL> and further comprising a single torsional orientation nozzle located at least in part below view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim 13 and further comprising a sperm collection system.

A sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in claim 14.

A sexed sperm specimen as described in claim 15 wherein said sample comprises sperm cells selected from a group consisting of bovine sperm cells and equine sperm cells.

A mammal produced through use of a sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in claim 14.

A mammal produced through use of a sexed sperm specimen as described in claim 17 wherein said sample comprises sperm cells selected from a group comprising bovine sperm cells and equine sperm cells.

A method of sorting cells by flow cytometry comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. establishing a cell source which supplies cells to be sorted; b. chemically coordinating a sheath fluid to create a sheath fluid environment for said cells which is inated with both a pre-sort and a post-sort cell fluid environment and combining said cells with said sheath fluid; c. sensing a property of said cells in a flow cytometer; d. discriminating between cells having a desired characteristic; and e. collecting cells having said desired characteristic. view more

A method of sorting cells by flow cytometry comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. establishing a cell source which supplies cells to be sorted; b. establishing a sheath fluid to create a sheath fluid environment for said cells and combining said h fluid with said cells; c. sensing a property of said cells in a flow cytometer; d. discriminating between cells having a desired characteristic; e. collecting cells having the desired characteristic in a collector fluid; and f. chemically coordinating said collector fluid with said sheath fluid to create an ending collector fluid environment for said cells which is coordinated with a pre-sort fluid environment. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing, comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. establishing a sheath fluid; b. injecting a sample into said sheath fluid at an injection point; c. subjecting said sample to a first axial motion surface in a e; d. positioning to a second axial motion surface in said nozzle; e. subjecting said sample to said second axial motion surface in said nozzle wherein said first and said second axial motion surfaces transition with a maximal acceleration differentiation; f. coordinating said maximal acceleration differentiation so as to not exceed the practical capabilities of said sample over its length; g. affirmatively limiting said maximal acceleration differentiation so as to not exceed the practical capabilities of said sample over its length; h. exiting said sample from said nozzle; i. analyzing said sample. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL> wherein said step of injecting a sample into said sheath fluid at an bovine sperm cells and equine sperm cells into said sheath fluid. view more

A method of creating a sexed sperm specimen comprising the step of producing a sexed sperm specimen as described in any of claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL>.

A method of creating a mammal comprising the step of producing a sexed sperm specimen as described in any of claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL>, view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 1, <HIL><BOLD>5</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>6</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>8</BOLD></HIL> and further comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. establishing a single torsional surface; and c. orienting said sample with said single torsional hydrodynamic forces. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing, comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. establishing a sheath fluid; b. injecting a sample into said sheath fluid at an injection point; c. establishing a single torsional surface in a nozzle having a al axis around which a torque is applied; d. generating single torsional hydrodynamic forces from said single torsional surface; e. orienting said sample with said single torsional hydrodynamic forces; f. exiting said sample from said nozzle; g. analyzing said sample. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 1 wherein said step of establishing a single torsional surface comprises the step of utilizing a single torsional interior surface in said nozzle.

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 2 wherein said step of establishing a single torsional surface in a nozzle comprises the step of establishing a tapered single torsional interior surface of an ellipse-shape or an oval-shape in said nozzle. view more

A method offlow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 1 and further comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. subjecting said sample to a first axial motion surface in a nozzle; b. transitioning to a second axial motion surface in said e; c. subjecting said sample to said second axial motion surface in said nozzle wherein said first and said second axial motion surfaces transition with a maximal acceleration differentiation; d. coordinating said maximal acceleration differentiation to maintain functionality of said sample over its length; and e. affirmatively limiting said maximal acceleration differentiation to maintain functionality of said sample over its length. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 5 and further comprising the steps of:</claim-text> a. forming drops around said sample after it has exited said nozzle; and b. sorting said drops at a rate selected from the group ising at least 500 sorts per second, at least 1000 sorts per second, and at least 1500 sorts per second. view more

A method of flow cytometry sample processing as described in claim 5, <HIL><BOLD>9</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>10</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>11</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>12</BOLD></HIL> wherein said step of injecting a sample into said sheath fluid at ng bovine sperm cells and equine sperm cells into said sheath fluid. view more

A method of creating a sexed sperm specimen comprising the step of producing a sexed sperm specimen as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>22</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>25</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>26</BOLD></HIL>, 36, 43, 45, 48, 49, 55, or 56. view more

A method of creating a mammal comprising the step of producing a sexed sperm specimen as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>22</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>25</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>26</BOLD></HIL>, 36, 43, 45, 48, 49, 55, or 56. view more

A flow cytometer system, comprising:</claim-text> a. a sample injection tube having an injection point through which a sample may be introduced; b. a sheath fluid container having a bottom end and wherein said sample injection tube is located within sheath fluid container; c. a sheath fluid port connected to said sheath fluid container; d. a single torsional orientation nozzle located at least in part below said injection point; and e. an analytical system which senses below said single torsional orientation nozzle. view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL> and further comprising:</claim-text> a. a first axial motion surface in said nozzle; b. a second axial motion surface in said nozzle; and c. a limited maximal acceleration ea between said first axial motion surface in said nozzle and said second axial motion surface in said nozzle wherein said limited maximal acceleration differentiation transition area is coordinated with said sample so as to be affirmatively limited to maintain a functional sample over its length. view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL> wherein said analytical system which senses below said nozzle operates at a rate selected from a group comprising at least 500 sorts per second, at least 1000 sorts per second, per second. view more

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>9</BOLD></HIL> and further comprising a sperm collection system.

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>4</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>7</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>8</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>9</BOLD></HIL>, or <HIL><BOLD>10</BOLD></HIL> wherein said sample comprises sperm cells selected from a group view more

A sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>11</BOLD></HIL> or <HIL><BOLD>12</BOLD></HIL>.

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>14</BOLD></HIL> wherein said sample comprises sperm cells selected from a group comprising bovine sperm cells and equine sperm cells.

A flow cytometer system as described in claim <HIL><BOLD>3</BOLD></HIL> wherein said tapered, elliptical-like, single torsional interior surface element comprises:</claim-text> a. an ellipticity-increasing zone; b. an ellipse-like demarcation ellipticity-increasing zone; and c. an ellipticity-decreasing zone extending from said ellipse-like demarcation location. view more

A sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>20</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>23</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>24</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>26</BOLD></HIL>, OLD>41, 44, 45, 51, or 52. view more

A mammal produced through use of a sexed sperm specimen produced with a flow cytometer system as described in any of claims <HIL><BOLD>1</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>20</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>23</BOLD></HIL>, <HIL><BOLD>24</BOLD></HIL>, 32, 39, 41, 44, 45, 51, or 52. view more

A flow cytometer system for isolating desired cells comprising: a. a cell source which supplies cells to be analyzed by the flow cytometer; b. a chemically coordinated sheath fluid source which creates a sheath fluid environment for said cells which is selected to be coordinated with both a pre-sort and a post-sort cell fluid environment; c. a nozzle through which said cells pass while subjected to said sheath fluid environment; d. an oscillator which acts upon said sheath fluid as it passes through said nozzle; e. a cell sensing system which responds to said cells; f. a sorter discrimination system which acts to sort cells having a desired characteristic; and g. a collector into which cells having a desired characteristic are placed. view more

A flow cytometer system for isolating desired cells as described in claim 12 wherein said pre-sort and post-sort cell fluid environments contain at least one hyper-responsive chemical composition to which said cells are particularly responsive and wherein said chemically coordinated sheath fluid source minimizes changes to said hyper-responsive chemical composition. view more

The method of in-vitro fertilization of oocytes of claim 1, wherein said stained sperm cells comprise frozen-thawed stained sperm cells of said non-human mammal prior separated by said flow cytometer into said X-chromosome bearing population or said Y-chromosome hearing population. view more